Archaeology Glossary

Archaeology
The study of past cultures based upon careful examination of physical remains.
Artifact
An object made or used by people.
Context
Physical relationship of an artifact to other artifacts and/or features; an artifact's context can provide clues about its identity and function Feature--a disturbance in or on the ground resulting from human activity.
Feature
A disturbance in or on the ground resulting from human activity.
Grid
A series of squares established across the site prior to excavation that provides reference points for recording the details of the excavation.
Historic
Term referring to groups of people having a written language.
Midden
Garbage or trash dump.
Prehistoric
Term referring to groups of people who have no written language or are not in contact with other groups that do have written languages.
Profile
Vertical face of an excavation unit.
Sherd
A piece of broken pottery.
Site
Any place showing signs of human occupation.
Stratigraphy
Layers of soils in an archaeological site. That which is closer to the surface is "younger", that which is lower is "older".